作为“行为艺术家”的李贽——一种“存在主义”的视角

Li Zhi As a "Performance Artist"——From the View of "Existentialism"

对生命自由的追求是李贽这一伟大思想家人生的根本性、终极性追求。这种追求决定了李贽把所谓"游于艺"视为其人生的最高境界,决定了李贽不仅以一种"行为艺术家"的方式选择了自己独特的人生道路,而且也以一种"行为艺术家"的方式选择了自己不无孤绝的生命最后归宿。凡此种种,以一种知行合一的方式,使李贽不失为中国古代知识分子中的一位鲜有而又彻底的"存在主义者"。这种自由式的人生追求、这种深刻的存在主义的生命关照既可远溯到原儒的"为己之学",又直接来源于明末泰州学派的"身道合一"的哲学思想。它是中国古代自身哲学思想的必然产物,而并非学界中所流行的"经济决定论"之西化的解读模式所能说明的。

The pursuit of free anima was the fundamental and ultimate life pursuit of the greatest ideologist--Li Zhi. This pursuit determined that Li Zhi regarded the so-called ＂recreation in arts＂ as his life＇s supreme realm; what＇s more, it has decided that he not only chose his unique life path by means of being a ＂performance artist＂, but also selected his end result in manner of a ＂performance artist＂. With the unity of knowledge and action, all these facts made Li Zhi become a rare and thoroughgoing ＂existentialist＂ among ancient Chinese intellectuals. The freestyle life pursuit and profound existential life-attention can be traced back to the original Confucians＇ ＂self-learning＂, it is also rooted directly in the ＂Union of Body and Taoism＂ -- a kind of philosophical thought taken by Taizhou School at the end of the Ming Dynasty. It is an inevitable outcome of the Chinese ancient philosophical ideology and cannot be interpreted by the ＂theory of economical determinism＂ which is a prevailing western mode.