饲料中添加芽孢杆菌和中草药制剂对凡纳滨对虾免疫功能的影响

Effects of dietary Bacillus spp. and traditional Chinese medicines on immunity of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

研究了饲料中添加芽孢杆菌和中草药制剂对凡纳滨对虾免疫功能的影响。以基础饲料为对照(Diet0),通过添加中草药和芽孢杆菌配制成6种实验饲料:0.10%中草药+0.10%芽孢杆菌(Diet11),0.10%中草药+0.20%芽孢杆菌(Diet12),0.10%中草药+0.30%芽孢杆菌(Diet13),0.20%中草药+0.10%芽孢杆菌(Diet21),0.20%中草药+0.20%芽孢杆菌(Diet22),0.20%中草药+0.30%芽孢杆菌(Diet23)。实验共进行了56 d,对血细胞数目、酚氧化酶活力(PO)、溶菌酶活力、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力以及总抗氧化能力(TAOC)进行了测定。芽孢杆菌对血细胞数目产生显著影响,Diet12,Diet13和Diet23组对虾的血细胞数目显著高于其余各组(P<0.05)。中草药以及交互作用对血清PO产生显著影响(P<0.05),Diet23组获得最高的血清PO活力。芽孢杆菌、中草药及交互作用对溶菌酶影响不显著,但高剂量的芽孢杆菌和中草药有提高对虾溶菌酶活力的趋势,其中Diet13显著高于Diet0(P<0.05)。中草药、芽孢杆菌以及它们的交互作用对SOD未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。Diet23组对虾血清的TAOC最高,除Diet21组外,与其余各组差异显著(P<0.05)。综上所述,芽孢杆菌和中草药制剂能够对凡纳滨对虾免疫指标产生积极影响,其中Diet23组(0.20%中草药+0.30%芽孢杆菌)取得最好的效果。

A feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Bacillus and traditional Chinese medicines （TCM） on immunity of shrimp L. vannamei. Six experimental diets were formulated by adding the Bacillus and TCM to basal diet （DietO, Control） ： 0. 10% TCM ＋0.10% Bacillus（Dietll） ,0.10% TCM ＋ 0.20% Bacillus （ Dietl2 ）, 0. 10% TCM ＋ 0. 30% Bacillus （ Dietl3 ） ; 0.20% TCM ＋ 0. 10% Bacillus （ Diet21 ） ,0.10% TCM ＋ 0.20% Bacillus （Diet22） ,0.10% TCM ＋ 0.30% Bacillus （ Diet23 ）. After 56 days of feeding, the total haemoeyte count （THC）, phenoloxidase （PO）, lysozyme activity, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and total antioxidant capacity （TAOC） were measured. The data indicated that THC was significantly affected by Bacillus so that it was higher in shrimp fed with Diet 12, Dietl3 and Diet23 than that of others （P 〈 0.05 ）. PO was significantly affected by TCM and their interaction （P 〈 0.05）. And the value of PO in Diet23 was highest around the treatments. The lysozyme activity was not significantly affected by Bacillus, TCM or their interaction, while its value in shrimp fed with high dosage of Bacillus and TCM showed a rising trend. SOD seemed to be unaffected by the feed supplements. In the case of TAOC, the shrimp fed with Diet23 exhibited significantly （ P 〈 0.05 ） higher values than that of other groups except for Diet21. Results revealed that the combined TCM and Bacillus in diet could enhance immunity of shrimp. The best dosage was 0.2% TCM and 0.3% Bacillus in this experiment.