具体名词和抽象名词的不对称现象

Asymmetries of Concrete Noun and Abstract Noun

名词按照意义的不同可以分为具体名词和抽象名词。两者在语法功能上体现出较多的差异和不对称,如对量词选择的不对称、受副词修饰的不对称、自身配价的不对称和在"VP的N"结构中体现的同位和非同位的不对称等。这些不对称,究其根源,体现出具体名词和抽象名词在典型性上的不同,具体名词是名词家族的典型成员,抽象名词是非典型成员,其功能有向动词和形容词游移的倾向。

In terms of sense, nouns can be divided into concrete noun and abstract noun, whose grammatical functions are different and asymmetrical. Asymmetries may be found in the choice of quantifiers, adverbial modifiers, valence and ＂N collocated with VP＂ structure. Asymmetry can be traced to difference in typicality of concrete and abstract nouns. Concrete nouns are typical members of the noun family, while abstract nouns are atypical with functions shifting towards verbs and adjectives.