中国农村合作医疗制度渊源、流变与当代发展

On the Origin and Evolution of Chinese Rural Cooperative Medical System

中国农村合作医疗制度是一项具有传统特色的制度,曾受到国际社会的高度称赞。在我国历史上,医疗互助共济源远流长;现代农村合作医疗制度形成于抗日根据地时期,其在"文化大革命"时期的冒进式发展主要是毛泽东的魅力型权威推动的。新型农村合作医疗制度是新时期党中央为解决农民看病贵、看病难问题而构建的农村医疗保障制度。合作医疗制度发展演进的历程表明,制度变迁必须超越"构建"与"演化"的分离,坚持理性构建与延续传统相统一的原则。

The Rural Cooperative Medical System （RCMS）, highly praised by the international society, has a long history with Chinese cultural characteristics. It originated from the tradition of mutual aid in medical service in Chinese history and developed in the wartime base led by Chinese Communist Party （CPC） during the anti-Japanese war. Its rash advance during ＂the Cultural Revolution＂ was mainly pushed by Mao Zedong＇s charismatic authority . The Neo-RCMS is a rural medical insurance system established by the central government to decrease the peasants＇ burden in the new era. Research shows that institutional development must harmonize establishment and evolution and hold on to the integration of rational establishment and continuity in tradition.