汉代经学与散体赋的政论化倾向

On the Politicizing Tendency of the Classics and Prose Fu in the Han Dynasty

从司马相如、扬雄、班固、张衡四位代表作家的作品中可以看出,政论化的倾向在散体赋中越来越明显。议论在赋中所占的比重越来越大,观点越来越显豁。赋中由泛论一般社会现象变为有针对性地阐明政治观点,其中不仅有批评,更有对政治理念和政治主张的表述。从作品的表述方式来看,赋中由一方批评另一方发展为双方展开论难,论辩的双方为争论一个问题各自引经据典。这些变化源于经学引起的赋家创作意识的变化,也与经学影响下的文风有关。

The works of prose Fu by the four representative writers, Sima Xiangru, Yang Xiong, Ban Gu, and Zhang Heng, showed a more and more prominent tendency of politicization, in which argument took a more and more proportion, and the author＇s view became clearer and clearer. The stress of the prose Fu turned from discussing common social phenomena in a general sense to expounding political views specifically, which contained not only criticisms but also political ideas and advocates. For the form of expression, the prose Fu started by one party criticizing the other party, and continued with the two parties disputing over one issue by respectively quoting the classics. All these changes owed much to conversion of the prose Fu writers＇consciousness of writing and to the style of writing formed under the influence of classics.