新经济的本质及其生产的制度结构——一个马克思主义经济学的视角

The Nature and Institutional Structure of the New Economy——In the View of Marxism Economics

新经济发源于20世纪70年代的福特制大规模生产危机,是当代资本主义一次新的生产方式创新和制度变革。与福特制大规模生产不同,新经济的驱动力不再是规模和范围经济,而是以持续创新和柔性生产为特征的速度经济。企业,尤其是中小企业结网和互动中创业或创新活动的涌现,是新经济实现持续创新和柔性生产的基本力量。从自由主义或调节主义的角度界定新经济及其制度结构的思路,只是从表面上看问题。围绕着创业或创新活动的涌现及其新技术的商业化,新经济的制度结构始终关注的是创业或创新环境的构建,因而又被称为创业资本主义。经过30年的改革开放和加速工业化进程,中国已经成为世界重要的制造基地。如何实现从中国制造向中国创造的转变,新经济的形成和发展为我们提供了重要借鉴。其中最为关键的是,未来中国经济制度变革的方向不再是简单的放松管制和投资环境的优化,而是构建新的创业或创新环境。

The new economy originated from the crisis of the mass production in the nineteen seventies, the nature is innovation of the mode of production and institutional change of the contemporary capitalism. Difference from the Fordism mass production, the engine of the new economy isn＇t the economy of scale and scope, it＇ s flexible production and sustained innovation. The emergence of entrepreneurial and innovative activities of new enterprises is the basic power of flexible production and sustained innovation. The new economy is called entrepreneurial capitalism, since the institutional structure focus entreprenettrial and innovative environment. Now China already is a world manufacture base, it＇s an important topic how to become an innovative centre in the world. According to forming and developing experience of the new economy, the orientation of institutional structure in China is to construct an environment about entrepreneurship and innovation.