元代新附军问题再探

A Restudy on the Xinfu Army in Yuan Dynasty

新附军的收容整编是元江南统治和军事体制中重要的环节。元中期以后新附军是否还存在?学界有不同看法。分析元代军制背景可知,新附军人被强制编入军户体系时,仍然保持着典型的募兵制特点,其经济待遇和后勤、补给体制不同于汉军,因此其最低程度的组织单位无法取消:元廷欲利用江南人力,同时维护民族等级、分化制度,故政治上新附军的组织和名号也必须长期保持。新发现的史料表明,新附军和其他元军征集系列一样,直到元末还保持着其名号建制。对新附军的收编使江南在很大程度上避免了军户制征兵对社会生产的破坏,但募兵制与军户制的矛盾和元廷控制利用的方针又使新附军最多只是维持原有规模。江南巨大的兵源在军事上并不能为元廷充分利用。

There are several different views about Xinfu Army （New submitted Army）, which is an important problem for the army system and the controls in the South of the Changjiang River during Yuan dynasty. The Xinfu Army still kept the characteristics of the mercenary system that their treatments were different from that of the Han Army. That the Xinfu Army existed until the late Yuan was proved by new materials. The South of the Changjiang River in Yuan dynasty avoided to be destroyed by the Army House System because of the Xinfu Army system existed which was not utilized thoroughly in military affairs by Yuan.