“麻城孝感乡”:一个祖源地记忆的历史解读

"Xiaogan Village of Macheng County":A Historical Interpretation of Native Place Memory

"湖广填四川"是明清时期规模盛大的移民运动,"麻城孝感乡"则是明清以来四川众多移民共同的祖源地记忆。对于明代的移民来说,洪武二年(1369年)是一个标志性的年份,其背后隐藏着移民对夏政权与明政权的认同态度,即部分移民通过改动入籍时间的方式表达对夏政权的一种怀念。清代此一传说的再次盛行有两方面的因素,一是明末清初的连绵战争不仅造成四川人口的大量减少,同时也让"麻城孝感乡"成为了明代"孑遗"共同的祖源地;另一方面,清初的"移民实川"政策也使得大量的湖广籍移民来到四川。可以说,清代至今此传说的盛行,是湖广籍移民与明代"孑遗"共同倡导的结果。"麻城孝感乡"祖源地传说表达了地域社会中不同族群对文化符号的建构、模仿、选择,及在不同的历史背景下嬗变的过程。

Mainly based on genealogies, this essay introduces and analyzes the changes of the legend ＂Xiaogan village of Macheng county＂, a native place narrative that was popular in Ming-Qing Sichuan Province. For the Ming immigrants, the 2nd year of Hongwu is a mark that represents their identification with Xia regime （rather than Ming） by changing their household registration time. The popularization of this legend in Qing period was promoted by both Ming survivors and Huguang immigrants. It demonstrates the construction, imitation and selection of a cultural symbol by different local ethnic groups, and their transformation in different historical backgrounds.