粤剧源流新探——以“江湖十八本”为考察对象

A New Approach to the Origin and Development of Yue Opera Based on the 18 Vagabond Operas

粤剧是以梆子(即西皮)、二簧为主要腔调的皮黄剧种,皮黄入粤是粤剧形成的标志。作为民间演剧的历史传承,"江湖十八本"对于探寻剧种的流变具有不可替代的作用。粤剧"江湖十八本"是皮黄入粤之初的一批优秀传统剧目,它保留了粤剧"外江戏"阶段的许多遗存,是研究粤剧源流的重要依据。经考证,粤剧的"江湖十八本"最初只有十大本,它来自陕西的汉调二簧,汉二簧实即历史上的秦腔,早在清康熙年间即已风靡大江南北,它是所有皮黄剧种的鼻祖,粤剧是秦腔在两广本土化的产物。

Yue Opera is an opera with'Pihuang'music voices,i.e.an opera with Xipi music voice and'Erhuang' music voice.The time when the Pihuang music voices entered Guangdong is a mark that means the Yue opera formed.As a historic heritage of folk opera,' the 18 vagabond operas' have an un -substitutable value in searching the origin and change of Chinese operas.' The 18 vagabond operas' were a set of excellent traditional operas being popular during the early time when the Pihuang music voices spread to Guangdong,and maintain a lot of features of Yue opera at its stage of river -outside opera,so,it is an important basis for approaching the origin and change of Yue opera.According to our research,'the 18 vagabond operas'of Yue opera have only ten ones instead of 18 ones,and contain Erhuang music voice with a Han tone from Shanxi province,and the Erhuang music voice with a Han tone is just the Qin music voice in history,which spread popularly throughout around the Changjiang river areas in the Kang period of the Qing dynasty.It is the earliest ancestor of the Chinese operas with Pihuang music voices.Yue opera is a product of Qin music voice localized in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces.