古代中國人的周邊國族觀——以《文獻通考·四裔考》爲中心

The View of Ancient China on Its Relationship with the Neighboring Nations:Based on the Sources of "Siyi Kao" of Wenxian Tongkao

《文献通考·四裔考》及其续作，保存了古代中国与周边民族或国家关系的翔实史料。从中可以发现，古代中国在处理与周边民族与国家关系时，所秉持的基本观念就是中国中心论以及与之相关的华夏文化优越感。这一观念决定了古代中国在面对外部世界的挑战时，一贯采取区别内外、隔绝华夷的封闭性决策。这种决策反过来又让古代中国人在一种相对封闭的环境中始终沉迷於中国中心论与文化优越感的良好感觉中，却对外部世界与域外文明基本上抱着闭目塞听的排斥态度，从而导致中国在与近代西方文明的相遇中最终败阵。

"Siyi Kao" of Wenxian Tongkao and its continuations conserve full and accurate historical sources about the relationship between ancient China and the neighboring peoples or nations.From the above records,we will find that China in ancient times firmly held the China-centered view and the superiority complex of Chinese culture while handling its relations with the neighboring nations.This concept resulted in its persistent closed decision-makings against the challenges from the outsides,which further swelled the ancient Chinese people’ China-centered view and cultural superiority and made them blind to the outside cultures and civilizations,thus bringing about its complete loss in the collision with the western modern civilization.