锈寄生菌控制杨柴锈病的研究 Ⅰ锈寄生菌的形态鉴定及培养性状

Study on the Biological Control of Hedysarum mongolicum Rust with a Rust Parasite Ⅰ Morphological and Cultural Characteristics of the Rust Parasite

杨柴锈病的重寄生菌，经鉴定为锈寄生菌（Ｓｐｈａｅｒｅｌｏｐｓｉｓｆｉｌｕｍ（Ｂｉｖ．－Ｂｅｒｎ．ｅｘＦｒ．）Ｓｕｔｏｎ），寄生在杨柴锈病菌的冬孢子堆和夏孢子堆上．在人工培养基上，锈寄生菌生长最适温度是１５～２０℃．在室温下培养至１１ｄ，供试７种培养基有３种（葡萄糖、甘露醇、淀粉）产生分生孢子器．在２０℃下，ＰＤＡ培养基上，１０ｄ即可形成分生孢子器，１２ｄ可见溢出淡黄白色孢子角．葡萄糖、甘露醇、淀粉、麦芽糖均为该菌适宜的碳源．相对湿度９３％～１００％孢子均能萌发，在水滴中萌发率最高，散射光下萌发最好．

The hyperparasite of Hedysarum mongolicum rust was identified as Sphaerellopsis filum (Biv. Bern.ex Fr.) Sutton,parasiting both summerspore mass and winter spore mass of Uromyces hedysari mongolici .On artifical media optimum growth temperature for S.filum was 15￣20 ℃.Fruit bodies were produced on three media among seven media tested (glucose、mannitol、starch).After 10 days of at a temperature of 20 ℃ on PDA,conidia were formed,after 12 days,yellow white spore horn was also produced.There were 4 kinds of carbon sources including glucose,mannitol,starch and maltase were optimum.The relative humidity for spore germination were 93%￣100%,but best in drops of water.The scatter light was better for the spore germination.