瑶族儿童汉语语音意识与阅读能力的相关研究

Relevant Research on Yao Children's Chinese Phonological Awareness and Reading Comprehension and Their Relevance

选取桂北24名瑶族和28名汉族三年级小学生,采用声母、韵母、声调的语音意识测试和拼音补词、读句指错、读句改错、语段阅读的阅读能力测试,探讨瑶族儿童的汉语语音意识与阅读能力及其相关的问题。结果发现:瑶族儿童汉语语音意识能力与汉族儿童相当,并未受普通话的使用率与熟练程度的影响,而有可能受元语言能力以及母语正迁移的积极影响;瑶族儿童阅读能力低于汉族儿童,这与处于学习第二语言汉语早期阶段有关,也与汉语书面阅读经验有限有关;瑶族儿童汉语语音意识与阅读能力存在相关,拼音补词与声母意识、韵母意识、声调意识相关显著;语段阅读与韵母意识相关显著。因此,应重新审视少数民族的语言价值,看到和发挥母语对于第二语言汉语语音意识和阅读能力的正迁移作用。

24 Yao and 28 Hart grade-three students, from the North of Guangxi, were tested on their phonological awareness （initial consonants,vowels and tones） and reading comprehension （filling in blanks with Pinyin ,error identifying and correcting in sentence reading,and paragraph reading）, to explore Yao children＇s Chinese phonological awareness and reading ability. The results are as follows： Yao children are as good as Han children in Chinese phonological awareness. This result might not have been from their use and proficiency of Putonghua, but affected by their metalinguistic ability and the L1 positive transfer. Yao children＇s reading comprehension are lower than Han children, which was related with the early stage of learning Chinese as the second language, and with limited reading experience of written Chinese. Yao children＇s Chinese phonological awareness correlates with their reading comprehension： their awareness of consonants, vowels and tones markedly correlates with filling in blanks with Pinyin,and their vowel awareness markedly correlates with paragraph reading. Therefore, minority nationalities＇ language value should be rethought over; the L1 positive transfer on the phonological awareness and reading comprehension of Chinese as a second language should be recognized and given full play.