官僚制的悖论及其突破

The Paradox of Bureaucratic System and Its Breakthrough

官僚制具有专业化、等级化、法治化、非人格化、职业化等形式理性的特征。这一特征使其能够适应市场经济发展的需要,促进了社会经济的飞速发展。但自20世纪70年代以后,官僚制行政的弊端逐步显现和暴露,其优势逐步消失,甚至走向了它的反面,对它进行改革也就成为必然的趋势。官僚制改革的路径在于借助现代信息技术的支撑,用企业化体制来取代官僚体制,使政府具有不断创新和持续改进的能力,并且变得更有效率、更具回应性、更负责任、服务品质更高。

Bureaucratic system has the formal rational features of specialization, hierarchy, legalization, impersonification and professionalism. These features ensure its adaptability to the demands of market economic development and hence promote the rapid social and economic development. However, after 1970s, the disadvantages of bureaucratic administration gradually manifested themselves and its advantages gradually disappeared and even turned into its opposite. The reform of the system becomes necessary. To reform bureaucratic system, it is necessary to seek support from modern information technology and to replace it with enterprise mechanism, so that government maintains the ability to innovate and improve sustainedy and becomes more efficient and more responsive.