不同结构的日粮对犊牛胃重量及瘤胃内黏膜发育的影响

Effects of Different Diets on the Stomachs Weight and Development of Rumen Mucosa of Dull Calves

为研究不同结构日粮对犊牛胃重量及瘤胃内黏膜发育的影响,选用中国荷斯坦乳用公犊牛39头,随机分为早期断奶(EW)组、低奶量(LQM)组和充裕奶量(HQM)组三个处理组,分别饲喂不同结构的日粮。试验犊牛在0日龄、7日龄、30日龄、60日龄、90日龄分别进行屠宰,每组屠宰13头,并称量胃重量、观察瘤胃粘膜色泽、量取粘膜长度。(结果)结果为:(1)三组犊牛7日龄时瘤网胃的重量均差异不显著(P>0.05)。30日龄、60日龄、90日龄时,EW和LQM组犊牛瘤网胃重量均显著高于HQM组(P<0.05),EW与LQM组间犊牛瘤网胃重量差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)7日龄和30日龄时,三组犊牛瓣胃重量差异均不显著,60日龄时犊牛瓣胃重量为EW>LQM>HQM(P<0.05);(3)7日龄和30日龄时,三组犊牛皱胃重量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。在60日龄和90日龄时,HQM组犊牛皱胃重量均显著高于EW组和LQM组(P<0.05),EW组与LQM组间差异不显著。试验表明不同结构的日粮对犊牛瘤网胃,皱胃增重影响较大,对瓣胃影响较小,犊牛适时食入固体料可以刺激前胃的发育,在60日龄之前不给犊牛喂固体饲料会影响犊牛瘤胃及其黏膜发育。

This experiment was to study the effects of different diets on stomachs weight and development of rumen mucosa of bull calves. Thirty nine Holstein bull calves were randomly and divided into three groups： early-weaned （EW）, low quantity milk intake （LQM） and high quantity milk intake （HQM）. Calves in each group were slaughtered at the 0-d, 7-d, 30-d, 60-d, and 90-d, respectively, to obtain stomachs weight, color of rumen mucosa, and length of mucosa. The results were that（1）The rumen and reticulum weight of three groups at the 7--d was not significantly different （ P 〉 0.05 ）, but it was significantly higher of EW and LQW than that of HQM （ P〈 0.05 ） at the 30-d, 60-d, 90-d, respectively, didn＇t differ between EW and LQM （ P 〉 0.05 ） ; （2）The obvious difference of omasum weight was not determined among three groups at the 7-d and 30-d （P〈0.05 ）. Order of omasum weight were EW〉LQM〉HQM at the 60-d;（3）The difference of abomasum weight of three groups was not obvious at the 7-d and 30-d, respectively, but it was significantly higher of HQM than that of EW and LQM （ P〈 0.05 ）at the 60-d and 90-d, there was no significant difference between EW and LQM. The experiment results showed that different diets have more effect on the gain of rumen, reticulum and abomasum than that of omasum. It will stimulate the development of pre-stomach that calves intake the solid feed timely; it also has influence to the development of rumen and mucosa that calves don＇t intake solid feed before the 60 Ds.