连接酶介导的生物分子检测技术

Development in ligase-mediated techniques for bio-molecular analysis

连接酶可以催化寡核苷酸模板上2条单链在缺口处形成磷酸二酯键。这种在缺口处需要单核苷酸互补的化学反应特性催生了连接酶介导的生物分子检测技术。在过去20年中,该技术已成功应用于对已知或未知点突变、小片段核酸插入或缺失、DNA甲基化、大规模单核苷酸多态性(SNP)分型,蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用、蛋白质-DNA相互作用的检测以及分析。同时,连接反应通过整合进入其它生物技术,在生物分子检测中取得了更大的进展。这些新的方法经过多重杂交和酶学反应后,仍能保持很高的检测准确性,并为整个检测反应提供了内在的质量控制校核。以下综述了基于连接酶的生物分子检测技术。

Two oligonucleotide probes are permitted to anneal to the nucleic acid target of interest so that the ends of two probes immediately become adjacent to each other. The ligase can then efficiently join the two juxtaposed oligonucleotide probes by the formation of a phosphodiester bond if and only if perfectly matched base-pairs at the nick are present. During past 20 years, many ligase-mediated techniques have been developed for analyzing various bio-molecules, such as known/unknown point mutations, small-scale insertions and deletions, CpG islands methylation, large sets of single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs）, specific proteins and DNA regions with which some other proteins can interact. Since the ligation reaction can be easily integrated into other techniques, certain advances have been already achieved. These novel approaches retain high accuracy through multiple hybridization and enzymatic processing events, and provide inherent quality control checking. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the ligase-mediated techniques for bio-molecular analysis.