小麦丰产栽培措施的数学模型研究

Mathematical Model of High yield Cultivating Technique of wheat

为了探索安顺地区小麦丰产栽培技术模式，应用农业系统工程的原理和方法，采用二次通用旋转回归组合设计，以对小麦生长发育影响较大的可控因子———播种量和Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ施肥量为决策变量，产量指标为目标函数，进行田间试验，建立了小麦产量与各因素间的数学模型。经过模型分析，制定出安顺小麦５１００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２以上的丰产农艺措施组合为：播种量１４９．１０～１８６．６０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，施尿素３４６．５０～４５０．００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，施钙镁磷肥８６２．５０～１２４０．５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，施氯化钾２９７．００～４４７．００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２；Ｎ∶Ｐ２Ｏ５∶Ｋ２Ｏ的最优施肥比例为１．５∶１∶１．８；影响产量最主要的因素是磷肥，其次是钾肥。

For seeking the high yield cultivating technique of wheat in An shun prefecture, quadratic rotational regression combination design using the principle of agricultural system engineering was adapted to establish a mathematical model of yield of wheat, as target function, and the sowing norm and amount of N,P,K applied, as the main restrictive factors that can effect the growth of wheat. The results of analysis of optimization to the model suggested that the suitable cultivation technique for the yield more than 5100 kg/ha were sowing norm 149.10～186.1 kg/ha, amount of urea 346.50～ 450.00 kg/ha, calcium magnesium phosphate 862.50～1240.50 kg/ha, potash chloride 297.00～ 447.00 kg/ha. The best ratio of N∶P 2O 5∶K 2O was 1.5∶1∶1.8. The calcium magnesium phosphate was the most important for yield among the factors above, and then the potash next.