颈外静脉的解剖及临床应用研究

Anatomy of external jugular vein and its clinical applied study

目的为临床经颈外静脉穿刺、留置针及外周中心静脉置管提供解剖学基础,避免穿刺过深及导管重置。方法对30具尸体颈外静脉常规解剖观察。结果颈外静脉管径较粗(5.5±2.1)mm,颈外静脉长(95.8±11.3)mm,注入颈内静脉或锁骨下静脉或静脉角。结论留置针进针不宜过深,导管置入在送管过程中应充分了解通道走向,注意操作细节,预防导管漂移及静脉炎的发生。

Objective To provide an anatomical basis for venipuncture, indwelling needle and PICC from external jugular vein, to avoid too deep puncture and catheter replacement. Methods Thirty cadavers were anatomized conventionally to observe the external jugular vein. Results The diameter and length of external jugular vein were （5.5±2.1）mm and （95.8±11.3） mm, respectively. It connected to the jugular vein, subclavian vein or venous angle. Conclusion Indwelling needle should not enter too deeply, the direction of channel should be fully understood before catheter was inserted, and it should paid much attention to operational details in order to preventing catheter drift and the occurrence of phlebitis.