中国西部经济发展中的环境约束问题研究

Research on Environmental Constraints of Western China’s Development

西方发达国家在工业化进程中走的是一条"先污染,后治理"的发展道路,经济增长与环境质量之间呈倒U型环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)特征。我国西部地区在经济发展初显成效时,也出现了严重的环境问题。计量模型分析表明,西部地区在人均GDP5000元以上时,污染物排放量与人均GDP表现出明显的倒U型EKC左边上升阶段的特征,且环境质量仍有恶化的趋势,改善的转折点尚未到来。这主要是根源于西部地区的粗放式经济增长方式以及价格机制的失效,致使环境资源成本的高度外部化。西部地区环境质量的改善有待于产业结构的调整、经济增长的途径的提升及环境保护与经济发展的动态权衡等。

The model of western industrialization process is pollution and treatment. It means that the characteristic of EKC between economical growth and environment quality is inverted-U pattern. The western region China has developed rapidly, but also it has a lot of environmental issues. Through econometric model analysis, it shows that in the western region when GDP per capita is more than 5,000 Yuan, the characteristics of EKC between economical growth and environment quality is on the lift part of inverted-U pattern, what is more environmental quality is still on worsening trend, and the turning point has not yet come. We need to adjustment of the industrial structure, reform the means economic growth and balance the environmental protection and economic development.