乳腺癌易感基因1在散发性乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

The expression and significance of breast cancer susceptibility gene I in sporadic breast cancer

目的研究乳腺癌易感基因1（BRCA1）在散发性乳腺癌中的表达与各病理学指标之间的相关性。方法应用SABC免疫组化染色法对30例乳腺纤维腺瘤和42例乳腺癌患者的病变组织中BRCA1的表达进行检测，并与腋窝淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小、组织学类型和组织学分级进行相关分析。结果BRCA1在乳腺纤维腺瘤中的阳性表达率为85.7％（36／42），在乳腺癌中的阳性表达率为52.4％（22／42），乳腺癌中腋窝有淋巴结转移的BRCA1阳性表达率明显低于无淋巴结转移的BRCA1阳性表达率（P〈0.05），BRCA1在乳腺癌中的阳性表达率随着组织学分级的升高有逐渐下降趋势，其中I级和Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05），I级与Ⅱ级比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05），BRCA1的表达与肿瘤的组织学类型、肿块大小无关（P值均〉0.05）。结论BRCA1在乳腺癌的发生、发展过程中有重要的作用，它有可能成为临床对乳腺癌治疗和判断预后的一个生物学指标。

Objective To study the relationship between the expression of breast cancer susceptibility gene （BRCA）1 and the pathological parameters in sporadic breast cancer. Method Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of BRCA1 in 42 cases of breast cancer tissues and 30 cases of breast fibroadenoma tissues and analyzed the correlation of the results with other parameters which included tumor size,tumor type,histological grade and axillary lymph nodes metastases. Results The positive expression rate of BRCA1 was 52.4% （22/42） in breast cancer patients and 85.7% （36/42） in breast fibroadenoma patients. The lower positive expression rate of BRCAI was found in axillary lymph nodes metastases （P 〈 0.05）. The positive expression rate in stage Ⅲ of breast cancer was lower than that in stage I （P 〈 0.05 ） and was also lower than that in stage Ⅱ（P〈 0.05） ,but there was no significant difference between stage I and stage Ⅱ（P 〉 0.05）. No significant correlation was observed among expression of BRCA1 and tumor size, tumor type （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusions BRCA 1 plays an important role in pathogenesis and development of breast cancer.BRCA1 maybe a adjuvant index for treating breast cancer and estimating prognosis.