口服避孕药的非避孕益处

Non-contraceptive Benefits of Oral Contraceptives

随着对口服避孕药(OCs)认识的逐渐加深、完善,现已知口服避孕药除具有确切的避孕效果外,还具有除避孕作用外的益处。目前,常用于多种与内分泌有关的妇科疾病,如治疗青春期和围绝经期功能失调性子宫出血;应用现代低剂量复方口服避孕药治疗原发性痛经也有较好的效果;在围绝经期和绝经期女性,激素可防止骨密度降低;还可降低子宫内膜癌、卵巢肿瘤发生的危险性。口服避孕药总体来说是安全的,但还需要在今后工作中加强对其效益与风险的评价,为人类的生殖健康充分发挥避孕药最有效的作用。

With the deepening understanding of oral contraceptives （OC）, other benefits of OC beyond the precise effects of contraception were realized. At present, OC were commonly used in many endocrine-related gynecological diseases, such as dysfunctional uterine bleeding among adolescence and perimenopausal period. The application of low dose combination OC in the treatment of primary dysmenorrheal showed better effects. And low dose OC could prevent the decrease of bone mineral density （BMD） during perimenopausal period and menopause, and reduce the risk of endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. Although OC is generally safe, the evaluation of OC efficiency and risk should be enhanced in our future work to provide the optima roles of OC for human reproductive health.