人类早期胚胎与体细胞共培养的研究进展

Research Progress of Human Early Embryo Co-cultured with Somatic Cells

人早期胚胎共培养是模拟早期胚胎在体内的发育环境,将体细胞作为营养细胞与胚胎共同培养,一般利用人的输卵管上皮细胞、子宫内膜细胞、卵丘细胞等作为营养细胞;共培养体系通过分泌一些对早期胚胎发育有利的物质和代谢降解胚胎发育过程中产生的有毒物质等,在体外为胚胎发育提供一种更类似于体内的环境,能在一定程度上克服胚胎体外发育阻滞,促进早期胚胎发育,提高胚胎质量,增加胚胎种植率和妊娠率,降低流产率。但共培养涉及到大量的干扰因素,致使对培养液的营养成分和胚胎代谢的研究非常困难。进一步深入研究体细胞共培养对早期胚胎体外发育的影响及其作用机制将为改善体外培养环境和研制复杂培养液提供模型。

Co-culture system of human early embryo and somatic cells is a simulation of in vivo environment of early embryo development, in which somatic cells （such as uterine tubal epithelium cells, endometrial cells and cumulus cells） were co-cultured with early embryo as nutritive cells. The co-culture system could overcome in vitro development block of embryos, promote early embryonic development, improve the quality of embryos and then cause higher embryo implantation rates, higher pregnancy rates and lower abortion rates, for the more intimate environment similar to that in vivo provided by it through the secretion of some beneficial substances for the early embryo development and the degradation of toxic substances coming from the metabolic processes. However, research on the nutritional ingredients of culture medium and metabolism processes of embryo were extremely difficult for the involvement of a large number of interfering factors. Further studies on the effects and mechanisms of co-culture will be helpful to improve the environment of in vitro culture and provide a model for developing a complex in vitro medium.