三江平原东北部湿地生态安全格局设计

Wetland landscape ecological security patterns analysis and plan in Northeast of Sanjiang Plain

以三江平原东北部为研究区域,采用"3S"技术和数学模型,根据景观尺度上生物多样性保护规划的景观生态安全格局方法,对三江平原湿地生物多样性保护进行规划设计。利用GAP分析方法预测湿地鸟类丰富度,并评价和计算了湿地鸟类干扰度,在此基础上构建物种运动阻力模型,并利用此模型计算物种运动阻力指数,建立物种运动等阻力面,在阻力面上识别战略点、辐射道和源间联接等景观组分。为了保护本区的湿地生物多样性,提出扩大保护区的面积、建立保护区与热点之间的廊道和设立微型保护地块的规划措施。提出的湿地鸟类多样性保护的景观生态安全格局技术与方法,不但为三江平原湿地及其生物多样性的保护和管理提供科学依据,而且丰富和发展了我国生物多样性保护的理论与方法。

Based on the theories and methods of landscape ecology and protection biology, ＂ 3S＂ technique and mathematical models were used to plan the wetland biodiversity conservation in the Sanjiang plain. Wetland bird richness and disturbance degree were assessed and calculated by using GAP Analysis. Bird species movement resistance surface was builded and security patterns was judged using species movement resistance model. Landscape elements were identified based on species movement resistance surface, such as strategic points, radiation routes, inter-source linkage, and so on. Some protecting countermeasures were put forward for biological conservation, including extending protecting area, establishing corridors protected area and hotspot, and identifying micro-scale protected area. In conclusion, the study put forward scientific evidence for the protection and management of wetland biodiversity in Sanjiang Plain, and developped and enriched the theories and methods of Chinese biodiversity protection.