北京市生态安全格局及城市增长预景

The function of ecological security patterns as an urban growth framework in Beijing

在快速城市化和城市生态安全面临巨大挑战的时代背景下,构建生态安全格局是实现区域和城市生态安全的基本保障和重要途径。在梳理国内外生态安全格局研究进展的基础上,提出基于景观安全格局理论的北京市生态安全格局网络和城市发展空间格局。通过对北京市水文、地质灾害、生物多样性保护、文化遗产和游憩过程的系统分析,运用GIS和空间分析技术,判别出维护上述各种过程安全的关键性空间格局(景观安全格局),进而综合、叠加各单一过程的安全格局,构建具有不同安全水平的综合生态安全格局,形成保障北京城市和区域生态安全的生态基础设施。在此基础上,提出城镇空间发展预景和土地利用空间布局的优化战略。对不同预景进行综合评价,结果显示:基于生态安全格局的城镇空间发展格局可以维持生态过程的连续性并克服常规城市发展模式下的蔓延,基于"满意生态安全格局"(中安全水平)的城市空间格局可以同时满足生态用地、农用地和建设用地的需求,是一个同时实现精明保护与精明增长的有效工具。

In consideration of the current trends in globalization and rapid urbanization in China, the ecological security of Chinese cites is quickly becoming a central issue. Using Beijing City as a case study, this paper proposes a systematic methodology in planning and designing Ecological Security Patterns based on the theory of Landscape Security Patterns and Ecological Infrastructure. At the regional scale, ecological security patterns are designed to account for flood and storm water management, geological disaster prevention, biodiversity conservation, and cultural heritage protection and recreation, and are produced with the aid of GIS models. These patterns are integrated into a comprehensive ecological security pattern, which is then used to determine future urban growth patterns and provide optimized land-use strategies. Comparative impact evaluations for these scenarios show that the Urban Growth resulting from Ecological Security Pattern can effectively retain the integrity of ecological processes and prevent urban sprawl. The urban growth pattern based on satisfying （medium level） Ecological Security Pattern can both provide for the requirements of competing land uses and establish a solid landscape infrastructure to safeguard the natural and cultural resources of Beijing and beyond.