区域生态用地的概念及分类

Conception and function classification of regional ecological land

随着自然资源持续利用的思想、理论逐步深入和发展,生态用地分类及规划研究具有重要意义,成为土地资源利用研究和生态建设工作的重点。总结了国内外生态用地的研究进展,在土地生态系统服务的基础上,提出了生态用地指的是区域或城镇土地中以提供生态系统服务为主的土地利用类型,可将区域土地分为"生态用地"、"生产用地"和"生活用地"三大类型,生态用地按照不同生态系统服务分为自然用地、保护区用地、休养与休闲用地和废弃与纳污用地4个二级类型,进一步分为20个三级类型。生态用地的分类可为建立合理的土地利用生态分类体系和区划提供理论基础。

As the idea and theory of sustainable utilization of natural resources have been prevailing during recent years, researches on the classification of ecological land and the evaluation of ecological services of ecological land have become increasingly more important. Meanwhile, ecological land conservation has become the focus of land use researches and ecological construction. Literature review of ecological land studies was carried out in this paper. The value of land ecosystem services was analyzed and assessed based on functional characteristics of land ecosystems. The definition of ecological land was also put forward. Ecological land was defined as a land use type with various ecological purposes, such as helping restore ecological functions of land ecosystems, maintaining ecological stability and improving the diversity of socio-economic-natural complex ecosystems, etc. Finally, land was classified into three categories： ecological land, industrial land and living land. In this study, the ecological land was categorized into four sub-categories （natural land, reserved land, leisure purpose land and pollutant containing land ） and 20 primary categories. The classification of ecological land can be used as a reference for the establishment of reasonable land use classification and the planning of ecological land.