胚胎植入前期苯和甲醛联合染毒致小鼠胚胎毒性

Joint Toxic Effects of Benzene and Formaldehyde on Embryos of Mice at the Phase of Pre-implantation

目的研究在胚胎植入前期苯和甲醛单一或联合染毒对小鼠胚胎发育的影响,为居室环境毒物生殖毒性的评价提供依据。方法采用2因素4水平析因设计(0、0.875、8.75、87.5mg/kg苯和0、7.875、15.75、31.5mg/kg甲醛),将受孕第1天清洁级昆明种小鼠随机分配入16个剂量组并行腹腔注射染毒(连续3d),每组4只。于受孕第9天称重后,取子宫、卵巢及肝、脾、肾脏称重,计数每只子宫角的胚胎植入数并重量。结果不同剂量的苯和甲醛联合染毒均可造成小鼠胚胎植入数目减少、每窝胚胎总重和胚胎均重降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同剂量苯和甲醛单独或联合染毒对孕鼠的肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、卵巢和子宫重量均无明显影响(P>0.05)。甲醛单独染毒可减少孕鼠体重增加值(P<0.01)。结论在小鼠胚胎植入前期染毒,低剂量苯和甲醛具有明显的胚胎毒性,当剂量增加到一定浓度时,两者均可显著抑制胚胎着床和发育。

Objective To explore the joint toxic effects of benzene and formaldehyde on Embryos of mice at the phase of pre-implantation in order to provide evidence for the reproductive toxicity evaluation of the indoor contaminants. Methods The 4×2 factorial design was applied （0, 0.875, 8.75 and 87.5 mg/kg for benzene, 0, 7.875, 15.75, 31.5 mg/kg for formaldehyde） to observe the combined effects of the chemicals on embryos of mice. The pregnant Kunming mice were randomly divided into 16 groups, 4 in each. The mice were exposed to benzene and formaldehyde by intraperitoneal injection once a day for 3 consecutive days at the phase of pre-implantation （first day after gestation, GD 1）. The mice were killed on GD 9 and the livers, spleen, kidneys , uterus, ovaries and embryos were harvested and weighted, the number of embryos was counted. Results The combined exposure of different dosages of benzene and formaldehyde had no effect on the weight of livers, spleens, kidneys, ovaries and uteruses （P〉0.05）,while the numbers of embryos （P〈0.01）, the total weight of embryos （P〈0.01） and mean weight of embryos （P〈0.01） were reduced by the combined exposure. Formaldehyde caused slight decrease on the bodyweight gain of the pregnant mice （P〈0.01）. Conclusion At the phase of pre-implantation, low dose of benzene and formaldehyde are embryotoxic to the implantation and development of the embryos. Benzene and formaldehyde could almost inhibit the implantation of embryos.