语用学综观的动态交际语境顺应——基于Verschueren的“交际顺应论”

The Dynamic Adaptation of Communicative Context in the Pragmatic Perspective on Language——Based on the "Dynamics of Communication" of Verschueren

语境这个概念的理解是一个不断发展的过程。受到语用学综观的影响后,也逐渐从静态转变成了动态,从传统转向了认知。顺应论把语境分为了语言语境与交际语境。而意义是在动态的交际语境中生成,语用文化隐含在动态的语言交际活动中。Verschueren将交际语境因素概括为语言交际者、心理世界、社交世界和物理世界四大类,为言语交际及其相关语境的研究提供了清晰的框架。在现实的交际中,交际双方也应依赖语境,顺应各种因素的变化和调整,完美地达到交际效果。

The understanding of context has always been a continous development. After the influence of the pragmatic perspective on language, the so - called static context changes into dynamic, tradtional into cognitive. The adaptability theory divides context into two： linguistic context and communicative context. Moreover, meanings are resulted form the dynamic communicative context, which contains the pragmatic culture. Verschueren categorizes the aspects of communicative context into four： the language commu- nicator, mental world, social world and physical world, which provides a clear frame for the study of communicative context. Both communicative parties should rely on the context during the authentic communication, adapt to the changes and adjustments of the contextual aspects; thus, the effective communication can be perfectly reached.