海洋卡盾藻(香港株)溶血毒素的提取和分离

The extraction and separation of hemolytic toxin from Chattonella marina HongKong strain

海洋卡盾藻(Chattonella marina)是我国南方沿海主要的鱼毒性赤潮生物,近年来由该藻形成的赤成已造成多起近岸养殖鱼类大量死亡的事件。为了弄清该藻毒素的基本成分特征,本文研究了室内培养条件下海洋卡盾藻(香港株)溶血毒素的提取方法,观察了溶血毒素对红细胞的溶血过程,采用薄层色谱法对溶血成分进行了初步分析。结果表明:海洋卡盾藻藻细胞的超声波破碎最适条件为功率400W,4℃下处理15min;通过显微镜观察,证实提取的毒素对血红细胞膜具破坏作用;海洋卡盾藻合成的溶血毒素至少含有4种组分,其中1种可能为为脂类,3种为糖脂类。该研究成果有助于我国今后进一步开展鱼毒性赤潮生物毒素的研究。

Blooming of Chattonella marina has caused massive fish kills and considerable economic loss in recent years along the southern coast of China. However detailed toxic mechanisms involved in these fish kills still remain uncertain. Hemolytic toxins produced by C .marina has been suggested to be the major causative factors for the observed fish kills. The extraction of hemolytic toxins from Chattonella marina Hong Kong strain（CMHK） was investigated in laboratorial conditions. The haemolytic process of the extraction from CMHK to red cells was observed with microscope. Hemolytic toxins were separated with TLC. The results showed that optimal condition for breaking the cell walls of algae by ultrasonic was 400 w of power for 15 minutes at 4 ℃, and the hemolytic toxins synthesized by CMHK could consist of at least 4 components, which included one lipid and three glucolipid fractions. The hemolysin toxins could break the red blood cells of rabbits （RBCs） through its hydrophobe group linking to the surface of RBCs. These findings will be of great significance for the future studies on the toxic mechanisms.