浮游动物昼夜垂直迁移机理的主要假说及其研究进展

Hypotheses and theories of mechanisms underlying the diel vertical migration of zooplankton:a review

对有关浮游动物昼夜垂直迁移(DVM)机理的实验、假说以及理论模型方面的研究进.展进行了综述。昼夜垂直迁移通常指常规迁移(傍晚上升,拂晓下降),其行为过程不仅影响浮游动物的垂直分布,而且也间接地影响其水平分布及生活史特征,对浮游动物在一定水域的种群维持和补充具有重要的意义。与垂直迁移机理有关的假说主要有光驱动假说、逃避捕食者假说、能量和资源利用假说等,其中逃避捕食者假说已得到大量的实验证实。其理论模型研究一般在两个时间尺度上进行,一个是短期的行为机制研究,另一个从长期的生活史策略的角度考虑。随着实验技术的进步和理论及建模工具的发展,这两个时间尺度的研究正逐渐统一到一个框架下进行。

Diel vertical migration （DVM） of zooplankton, normal migration （ascent at dusk and descent at dawn） in a common sense, is an adaptive behavior against the variations of environment. This behavior not only determines the vertical habitats of zooplankton, but also indirectly affects their horizontal distributions and life history traits, and thereby plays a key role in the survivorship and recruitment of zooplankton population. Main hypotheses for DVM mechanism include： the light-driving hypothesis; the predator-avoidance hypothesis and the energy and resource utilization hypothesis. The predator-avoidance hypothesis has been demonstrated by a large number of experiments. Two temporal scales underlie the theoretical models on DVM： one is for the researches on the short-term behavioral mechanism and the other for the long-term life history strategies. With the advances in the experimental technology and the development of theory and modeling tools, these researches on the two temporal scales are getting integrated in a unified framework.