植物在水产养殖废水处理中的研究进展

Advances in plants in aquaculture wastewater treatment

植物在生长繁殖过程中能吸收利用、富集、吸附和固定水产养殖水体中的有机物、无机物和重金属,降低养殖水体中的TP、TN、TSS、COD和BOD。同时,植物在水体中可通过其发达的通气组织和根系传输氧气,为微生物和其他生物的代谢活动提供适宜的条件。选择合适的植物构建人工湿地,通过人工湿地中植物、微生物和基质的物理作用、化学作用和生物作用处理水产养殖废水,可建立循环的水产养殖模式。将植物应用于水产养殖废水的处理,是实现可持续发展的生态型水产养殖的基础。本文综述了近年来藻类和高等植物在水产养殖废水处理中的研究进展。

Plants can assimilate, absorb and fix the organic matters, inorganic matters and heavy metals in the aquaculture wastewater, and thereby they can reduce the TP, TN, TSS, COD and BOD of the aquaculture wastewater. At the same time, plants can provide eligible conditions for the metabolism of microbes and other organisms as they can transmit oxygen in the waters via their prosperous aerenchyma and roots. The constructed wetland can purify aquaculture wastewater via the physical, chemical and biological actions of plants, microbes and matrixes. The application of plants in aquaculture wastewater treatment is the basis for the sustainable and ecological aquaculture. This paper summarized the progress in algae and higher plants in aquaculture wastewater treatment in recent years.