天然次生林主要种群生态位结构的研究

Study on Niche Structure of Dominant Population in Natural Secondary Forests

文章应用生态位理论，对组成东北东部地区天然次生林群落中１０个主要种群（水曲柳、胡桃楸、黄波罗、椴树、山杨、白桦、枫桦、榆、色木槭、蒙古栎）进行了生态位结构的初步研究。分别采用三种常见的生态位宽度和生态位重叠计测公式，以综合群落梯度为资源轴，定量计测了各主要种群的生态位宽度和重叠值，讨论了各种计测公式的特点，提出了适宜的公式和算法，分析了各种群的生态位宽度和重叠的生态学意义，揭示了种群利用资源和效率的适应环境的能力。结果表明，各种群生态位宽度值大小顺序为：黄波罗＞色木槭＞山杨＞白桦＞水曲柳＞枫桦＞蒙古栎＞胡桃楸。各种群间生态位重叠值中，以硬阔叶林群落内水曲柳、黄波罗、胡桃楸间的重叠值最大。蒙古栎除与椴树重叠值较大外，与其它种群重叠值均很小，甚至为零。山杨、白桦、枫桦等与其它种群重叠为中等程度。

Ten tree populations composing natural secondary forests in east area of East China ( Fraxinus mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica,Phellodendron amurense, Tilia amurensis, Populus davidiana,Betula costata,Betula platyphylla,Ulmus marcrocarpa,Acer mono,Quercus mongolica ) were researched for their niche structure Optimum formulas calculation methods were put forward after the features of different formulas about niche were dicussed 3 common formulas were calculated for the 10 tree populations taking comprehensive community grandient as resource axes The ecological suggestions of results were analyzed to reveal the effects for population to utilize resources and the capacity for population to adapt to environment Results show that the order of the value about niche breadth from large to small is: Phellodendron amurense>Acer mono>Populus davidiana>Tilia amurensis>Betula platyphylla>Fraxinus mandshurica>Quercus mongolica>Betula costata>Juglans mandshurica Of the value about niche overlap, Fraxinus mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica,Phellodendron amurense in hard broad-leafed forest community is the largest All the values about niche overlap for oak with other tree populations, except basswood, are very small, even are zero The values about niche overlap of three tree populations ( Populus davidiana,Betula platyphylla,Betula costata ) with other tree populations are at middle degree