民族地区退耕还林生态补偿存在的问题与对策思考

Problems of Conversion of Farmland to Forests of Ecological Compensation in Ethnic Area and Their Countermeasures

民族地区是我国重要生态功能区,实施生态补偿是保障民族地区生态建设的关键。自1999年国家实施退耕还林等生态补偿政策试点以来,民族地区退耕还林取得了显著成效。但仍然面临补助年限偏短、补偿标准偏低、组织考核以及配套政策问题。因此,本文建议:促进民族地区主体功能区建设,实行分类管理,建立生态补偿长效机制;完善退耕还林补偿政策,实施盯住粮价的浮动补贴机制;在直接补偿的基础上,转向以可持续能力补偿为主;除了国家补偿外,还应对民族地区生态建设实行区域之间、流域之间生态补偿。

The ethnic area are important ecologically functional regions in our country, and the implementation of ecological compensation plays a key role in protecting the ecological construction in the ethnic areas. These regions have made remarkable achievements in Conversion of Farmland to Forests since the pilot ecological compensation policies were executed by the government in 1999. However, the short-life grant, low compensation standards, organizational assessment, as well as supportive policy issues are the problems still remained in these regions. Therefore, suggestions in this essay are： Promoting the construction of mainly functional regions in the ethnic areas, implementing classified management, establishing a long-term effective mechanism of ecological compensation; Improving the compensation policy of Conversion of Farmland to Forests, implementing the floating subsidy mechanism of focusing on the price of grain; shifting to sustainability-based compensation on the basis of direct compensation; providing ecological compensation among regions, river basins for ecological construction of the ethnic areas besides the national compensation.