商事登记中行政权力定位的理论思考

Theoretical Thoughts of the Administrative Power Orientation in the Commercial Registration

随着《行政许可法》的颁布和《公司登记管理条例》的修改,我国的商事登记制度,特别是商事登记审查制度发生了很大的变化。《行政许可法》将商事登记规定为可以设定行政许可的事项,《行政许可法》和《公司登记管理条例》又规定企业(公司)的设立采取以形式审查为主、实质审查为辅的折衷审查制,问题随之产生:将商事登记作为可以设定行政许可的事项表明,在商事登记领域国家行政权力的运用带有较强的行政权力介入色彩,但形式审查制又代表国家行政权力在登记审查方面的消极态度,是商事登记领域行政权力弱化的表现,这种并不是很和谐的权力定位一方面彰显了传统的行政权力无限膨胀的习惯,另一方面又对私权的保护提出了更高的要求。

The promulgation of the Administrative License Law of PRC and the revision of the Regulations of PRC on the Administration of Company Registration have brought a great change to the commercial registration system, particularly the censorship system. In accordance with the Administrative License Law, the commercial registration belongs to an item that can be stipulated by the administrative license. While, both the Administrative License Law and the Regulations on the Administration of Company Registration prescribe that the establishment of enterprises （corporations） should adopt a middle way censorship system in which the form should be censored mainly while the substance censored subordinately. Accordingly, such issue arises： the former situation of administrative license manifests that the state administrative power exercises a mandatory involvement in the commercial registration ; while the latter case of censoring the form reveals the passive attitude and weakened effect of the state administrative power. Thus, this disharmony of power orientation reveals the traditional tendency of unlimited expansion of administrative power; yet on the other hand, indicates a higher requirement of protecting private rights.