量子基准与基本物理常数

Quantum Basic Standards and the Fundamental Physical Constants

从二十世纪六十年代起，计量基准已逐步从“实物基准”过渡到“量子基准”时代，即用一些特定的原子系统中的量子效应来定义单位的量值，其准确度和稳定性均大大超过实物基准。但这样的量子基准还有其局限性，因此从八十年代起，人们又不断探讨另一种更好的方法，即用基本物理常数来作为计量基准，这样不仅有极高的准确度和稳定性，而且普适性极强。但这些工作难度非常大，还需长时间的艰苦实践。

Abstract Since the 1960's,in the measurement standard system,material standards have been gradually replaced by quantum standards,which define the quantity values of units by using the quantum effects in some specific atomic systems.The accuracy and stability of quantum standards are dramatically improved,however,there are still many limitations to them.At present,a new method,i.e.,using the fundamental physical constants as measurement standards,is being developed.This method has some advantages,such as extra high accuracy and stability,wide adaptability,etc.,but it is very dificult and takes a very long time to realize the objects.