三种常用交叉配血方法检出IgG型抗体能力的比较

Comparison of Three Routine Blood Cross Matching Methods for Detection of IgG

目的比较微柱凝胶法、抗人球蛋白法和凝聚胺法检出IgG型抗体的能力。方法选用IgG抗-D血清致敏O型RhD阳性红细胞悬液,以未致敏的O型RhD阳性红细胞悬液倍比稀释,用微柱凝胶法、抗人球蛋白法和凝聚胺法分别进行检测;用生理盐水分别将IgG抗-D血清和IgG抗-AB血清倍比稀释后分别加入O型RhD阳性红细胞和AB型红细胞,用上述3种方法分别进行检测。结果3种方法对致敏红细胞的最低检出效价为微柱凝胶法1∶8,抗人球蛋白法1∶32,凝聚胺法1∶32;对IgG抗-AB血清的最低检出效价为微柱凝胶法1∶16,凝聚胺法1∶32,抗人球蛋白法1∶64;对IgG抗-D血清的最低检出效价为微柱凝胶法1∶128,凝聚胺法1∶64,抗人球蛋白法1∶16。结论微柱凝胶法对致敏红细胞和IgG抗-AB血清的检出能力均低于抗人球蛋白法和凝聚胺法,对IgG抗-D血清的检出能力高于抗人球蛋白法和凝聚胺法。3种方法用于交叉配血均存在阳性漏检现象,选择合适的检测方法是保证输血安全的基础。

Objective To compare the capacities of microcolumn gel test, antiglobulin method and polybrene method in detection of IgG. Methods RhD （＋） red blood cells （RBCs） of group O were sensitized with IgG anti-D serum and diluted 2-fold serially with non-sensitized RhD （＋） RBC suspension of group O, then detected by microeolumn gel test, antiglobulin method and polybrene method respectively. IgG anti-D serum and IgG anti-AB serum were diluted 2-fold serially with physiological saline, then added with RhD （＋） RBCs of group O and RBCs of group AB respectively and detected by the above-mentioned three methods. Results The minimum detection titers by microcolumn gel test, antiglobulin method and polybrene method were 1 ： 8, 1 ： 32 and 1 ： 3 for sensitized RBCs, 1 ： 16, 1 ： 64 and 1 ： 32 for IgG anti-AB serum, 1 ： 128, 1 ： 16 and 1 ： 64 for IgG anti-D serum, respectively. 12o11- clus｜on The capacities of microcolumn gel test in detection of sensitized RBCs and IgG anti-AB serum were lower, while that in detection of IgG anti-D serum was higher than those of antiglobulin method and polybrene method. However, missed detections of positive samples by any of the three methods were observed. The selection of appropriate detection method is the basis of ensuring the safety of blood transfusion.