化学物质生殖毒性替代方法的研究现状

Current status and developments of alternative methods in reproductive and developmental toxicity

科技发展和人类进步,促进3R理论发展,即减少、替代和优化试验动物的使用。因此,众多努力用于毒理学替代方法的研究。生殖和发育毒性检测中使用的动物数量最多,但因哺乳动物生殖周期的复杂性,生殖发育毒性替代方法的研究进展缓慢。胚胎干细胞、微团检测和全胚胎培养试验,以及非洲蟾蜍胚胎试验,可作为发育毒性的筛检方法。利用人生殖细胞体外模型进行生殖毒性研究是一个挑战。跨领域技术、传感器技术、(Q)SARs及各种组学技术的迅速发展,都将使生殖发育毒性替代方法的研究得到新的发展和突破。

Scientific and technological development and the advance of human civilization are promoting three Rs concept, i. e, the replacement, reduction or refinement of animal tests. By far the largest proportion of animals in safety testing will be needed for testing of reproductive and developmental toxicity. Hence, the efforts in developing alternative tests are in particular directed to this area. The complexity of the reproductive cycle in mammals might be the main reason why success is limited up to now. The embryonic stem cell test, the micromass test, the rat postimplantation whole embryo cuhure test and the frog embryo teratogenesis assay-xenopus can be used for screening of chemicals for possible developmental toxicity. Use of human reproductive cells in vitro model in reproductive toxicity study is a challenge. The study of alternatives in reproductive developmental toxicity will have the new development and breakthroughs, because development of cross cutting technologies, sensor technologies, （Q） SARs and pattern-based methods （e. g. toxicogenomics, proteomics and metabonomics）.