3个木槿品种花蜜分泌、花粉展现和昆虫传粉特性比较研究

Comparative study on three Hibiscus syriacus cultivars'characteristics of nectar secretion,and pollen presentation and entomophilous pollination

木槿3个赏花品种"玫瑰"、"红心"和"白花"在开花期表现出一定的泌蜜、花粉展现和昆虫传粉共性及差异性。研究表明:三者花粉量存在显著差异,"白花"木槿花粉量最多,"红心"木槿最少,而花粉展现时间(即雄性功能持续时间)则相反,两者有一定的互补性;3个木槿品种的主要传粉昆虫是东方蜜蜂、西方蜜蜂和熊蜂,熊蜂传粉效率较高,东方蜜蜂和西方蜜蜂较低且比较接近。花蜜分泌量与传粉者访花频率存在一致性,"玫瑰"和"红心"花蜜量较多,昆虫访花频率较高且比较接近,适合作为观赏性和蜜源性俱佳的木槿品种,而"白花"因花蜜分泌量较少,昆虫访花频率较低,尽管花粉量较大,但作为蜜源植物的价值较低。

Three varieties of Hibiscus syriacus＇ Duede Brabaul ＇, ‘ Red Heart ’ and‘ Jeanned Art ＇ in anthesis displayed certain generality and difference in nectar secretion,pollen presentation and entomophilous pollination. Our research showed that the three varieties were significantly different in pollen grains per flower. ‘Jeanned Art’had the largest number and ‘Red Heart’ had the least number. However,in the time of pollen presentation,namely the sustaining time of arrenotokous function,the three varieties were just opposite and displayed a certain complementarity. Apis cerana, Apis mellifera and Bombus sp. were the chief pollinating insects,and in pollination efficiency Bombus sp. was higher while Apis cerana and Apis mellifera were lower and nearer. The mean nectar volume of flower was consistent with the pollinator-visited frequency,‘Duede Brabaul＇ and‘Red Heart’ had larger nectar volume and were higher and nearer in the pollinator-visited frequency, so both of them could be used in constructing sight of town virescence for their good ornamental effect and nectar source. ‘Jeanned Art’had less nectar volume and less pollinator-visited frequency and so less value of using as a nectar plant,though it had a comparatively large number of pollen grains.