试论尼克松对华决策机制及其面临的内部反弹——以对台军援问题为中心

A Tentative Study of Nixon's China Policy Decision-making Pattern and Interior Rebounds to It:Focusing on the Issue of U. S. Military Aids to Taiwan

出于结束越战和地缘政治考虑,尼克松和基辛格有意打开中美关系大门,但因保守派和亲台势力竭力反对,加之两人政治个性等原因,他们在对华决策时选择了相当封闭的"总统—国家安全事务助理"机制,并在早期采取了对华秘密接触方式,这导致美国国内对华政策的极大反弹。秘密外交公开前,美国政府各部门在削减对台军援以缓和中美关系问题上曾达成脆弱一致;而秘密外交公开后,军方、保守派、亲台势力则借增加对台军援向白宫发难,以示其被排除在对华决策核心之外的不满及对中美缓和的反对。这说明对华"总统—国家安全事务助理"决策机制、秘密外交手段对当时中美关系具有"双刃剑"式的影响。

In order to end the Viet Nam War and Basing on Geopolitics, Nixon and Kissinger hoped to open the isolate door between China and the US. Besides their political characters, conservatives and pro-Taiwan forces＇ opposition, American people were not well prepared for improving Sino-American Relations. So, Nixon chose President-Assistant for National Security Affairs pattern in decision-making process to China. In early period of contacting with China, Nixon took secret diplomacy means, and this resulted in great rebounds to America＇ s China policy in his administration. Focusing on the issue of American military aids to Taiwan, this thesis analysed the position changes to the issue in Nixon Administration fore-and-aft secret diplomacy made public. In conclusion ,the President-Assistant for National Security Affairs pattern was a great positive and negative factor influencing Sino-American Relations at that time.