芸苔属主要油料作物黄籽性状分子遗传研究进展

The Progress on Molecular and Genetic Research of Yellow-seeded Trait for the Major Brassica Oil Crops

油菜黄籽性状由于较好的营养和加工品质,得到现代油菜育种越来越多的重视,正逐渐成为油菜育种的重要目标。本文主要从芸苔属3个主要油料作物黄籽性状的遗传规律、基因定位和比较基因组学研究进展进行综述。在黄籽性状遗传方面,白菜型油菜、芥菜型油菜的遗传模式已基本清楚,由两对隐性基因控制,而甘蓝型油菜由于黄籽基因来源不同,存在多种遗传模式。在黄籽基因的定位方面,白菜型油菜、芥菜型油菜均已筛选到多个与黄籽性状紧密连锁的分子标记,并成功转成适合大规模筛选的SCAR标记,为分子标记辅助育种奠定了基础。甘蓝型油菜中也获得一些与黄籽性状紧密连锁的分子标记,并应用于分子标记辅助育种,但由于黄籽来源的不同,这些标记缺少通用性。在比较基因组学方面,根据拟南芥的相关种皮颜色基因,在白菜型油菜、芥菜型油菜、甘蓝型油菜中已克隆出一些与种皮颜色合成有关的基因,这些基因的克隆为油菜色素合成途径和通过转基因创造新型黄籽油菜研究奠定了基础。

Because of better nutrition and processing quality, yellow-seeded trait is becoming an increasingly important objective of rapeseed breeding. In this paper, we summarized three main oil crops of yellow-seeded trait inheritance, gene mapping and comparative genomics research in Brassica. For the yellow seed genetic, the genetic pattern has clear in Brassicajuncea L. and Brassica rapa L., there are two recessive genes to control the trait. But in Brassica napus L., due to different genetic source of yellow seed, there are many different genetic pattern. For the location of yellow seeds gene, many molecular markers which close linkage to the yellow seeds gene were screened out and successfully conversed into SCAR markers for high-throughput screening for molecular marker assisted breeding. In comparative genomics, according to the seed color genes in A rabidopsis, some genes have been cloned in Brassicajuncea L., Brassica rapa L. and Brassica napus L., which lays the foundation for the relative genes cloning and creating new yellow seed variety by transgenic method.