弥散的低度不平等——对我国性别分层状况的解读

Pervasive Low-Level Inequality——Interpretation of Gender Stratification Status in China

为什么学者们一再揭示出各种性别不平等状况,日常话语中却充斥着性别平等甚至女性强势说?我国的性别分层状况到底如何?通过对1990、2000两期中国妇女地位调查数据的分析,笔者发现,社会地位的诸维度确实存在性别差异,但均呈现弥散的低度不平等状况。由于跟日常生活紧密联系的少数部分方面呈现出部分的女性强势,可能影响人们对性别平等的认知。通过对个人年收入影响因素的变迁分析,笔者发现,1990年因城乡身份而出现的绝对分化已让位于综合各种身份和要素的细致分层方式,也就是说,中国社会分层的各个维度都有可能具有这种弥散的低度不平等特质,因而分析中国的社会分层需要引入对更多变量的关注。

Why have researchers been frequently demonstrating a variety of gender inequality, but the statements like gender equality and even women superiority are filled in our daily discourse？ What is the status of gender stratification in China？ Through analyzing data from Chinese Women＇ s Social Status Survey in 1990 and 2000, the article finds that gender differences really exist in various dimensions of the social position, fea- turing a pervasive low-lever inequality status. Because women superiority, to daily life, it may affect people＇ s perception of gender equality. By in minor aspects, is closely linked analyzing the factors that influence change in the individual＇ s annual income, the article finds that polarization in 1990 resulted from rural-urban identity has given place to the subtle stratification pattern which synthesizes multiple identities and elements. That is to say, the different dimensions of Chinese social stratification may feature this pervasive low-level inequality. Therefore, more variables should be considered when we analyze the social stratification of China.