家庭权力的性别格局:不平等还是多维度网状分布?

Gender Pattern of Family Powers:Inequality Distribution or Multi-dimensional Mesh Distribution

从已有的有关家庭权力研究的成果看,性别平等与否是一个核心议题。首先,家庭权力是一种立体网状分布,其至少存在着婚姻、代际、个人这三个维度,家庭成员角色身份的多样性使得家庭权力领域内部形成多样且重叠/交错的权力空间;其次,由于在权力空间中的集聚点不同,占据的权力领地不同,家庭成员拥有的权力呈现出不同的特征;第三,家庭权力性别分布的变化与整个社会-文化大背景相伴随,具有本地化和受多种机制运作控制的特征,并且由此,即使是女权的扩展,也并不一定就是纯粹的妇女的胜利。研究证实,今天中国家庭权力的性别格局就总体而言,仍呈男强女弱的不平等态势,但在不同维度和权力空间存在着较大的性别差异,而夫妻权力已成为家庭主导性的控制权力。这表明,就实质而言,家庭权力的性别格局应是多维度的网状分布,而不是单维度的性别分布。

The results of research on existing family powers show gender equality as a core issue. This article considers, first of all, family powers as a three-dimensional mesh distribution, with at least the marriage dimension, the inter-generation dimension, and the individual dimension. Diversity in the roles of family members forms diverse and overlapping/interleaving power spaces within the field of family powers. Secondly, different gathering points in the power space and different power territories, cause different family members to possess power with different characteristics. Third, the family changes in the gender distribution of power and the entire community--accompanied by cultural background with localization and affected by a variety of mechanisms to control the characteristics of the operation; hence, even the expansion of women＇s rights is not necessarily a purely women＇s victory. Study testifies that the gender pattern of Chinese households today on the whole displays an inequality trend with strong males and weak females, but there are large gender differences in different dimensions and power spaces, while the husband-and-wife power has become a dominant family control power. This indicates that, in essence, the gender pattern of family powers should feature a multi-dimensional mesh distribution, rather than a single dimension of gender distribution.