抗生素在环境中降解的研究进展

Progress on Degradation of Antibiotics in Environment

抗生素进入环境后会经过吸附、迁移和降解等一系列生物转化过程从环境中逐步清除。抗生素在环境中降解主要有水解、光解和生物降解等方式。生物降解是大部分抗生素降解的主要途径,其中耐药菌株的降解作用尤为重要。水解主要受pH影响,光敏剂、土壤中的水分和氧化剂等能显著加速光解,微生物的生长条件决定生物降解的速率。抗生素在粪肥中以光解为主,土壤中主要是生物降解,而水体中三种降解方式都相当重要。研究不同介质中的抗生素降解方式、降解机理和各种影响降解的因素对探索处理抗生素污染和残留的最佳途径具有相当重要的意义。

Antibiotics are removed from the environment by a series of biological transformation processes, including adsorption,migration and degradation and so on. Hydrolysis, photolysis and biological degradation are the common ways of degradation,while the last one is the main form, and the degradation by drugresistant strains is particularly important. Hydrolysis is affected by pH, photosensitizer, soil moisture, and other oxidants can significantly speed up the photolysis, and the growth condition of microorganism affects the biodegradation mostly. Antibiotics is mainly degradated by sunshine in animal manure and by microorganisms in soil,while all of the above three ways are rather important in the situation of water. Research on the antibiotic degradation in different media, the mechanism and various factors which impact the degradation is of great significance in exploring how to deal with pollution and residues of antibiotics in the best way.