为洛克鸣不平——与孟德斯鸠“三权分立”理论之比较

Doing Justice to Locke——Theoretical Comparison with Montesquieu's "Separation of Powers"

通说认为,孟德斯鸠的"三权分立"优于洛克的分权理论,该观点忽视了两种理论产生及历史意义的国别性。洛克的分权理论所体现的内容反映了英国的国情特征,并非不成熟的"分权"理论。其历史地位与历史意义均超越孟德斯鸠的"三权分立"理论,是自然法哲学思想中的重要转折点,对自然法的历史演进起着关键性作用。分权理论的真正奠基人是洛克,而非孟德斯鸠。

It is often believed that Montesquieu＇ s ＂separation of powers＂ theory is superior to Locke＇s decentralization theory. Such a view falls short of an in-depth understanding of the two theories themselves and the national differences in terms of a theory＇s historical significance. Locke＇s decentralization theory reflected Britain＇s national characteristics and is definitely not a premature ＂decentralization＂ theory. Its historical status and significance are both beyond Montesquieu＇ s theory of the ＂separation of powers＂. It was the important turning point in the philosophy of natural law and has played a key role in the historical evolution of natural law. Therefore, the real founder of the decentralization theory is Locke, not Montesquieu.