《尚书·酒诰》与儒家酒德文化

Shang Shu Jiu Gao and the Confucian Ethics of Drinking

《尚书·酒诰》作为中国古代第一篇具有法律效力的酒事管理文献,对儒家酒德文化产生了极其深刻的历史影响。这种影响主要表现在:其一,用政治意识形态观念去审视酒事活动,把饮酒行为与国家治乱现象相联系,形成儒家"饮酒亡国"论或"酒祸"论的基本酒德文化观念。其二,对社会酒事行为严加控制管理,为历代专制王朝实施"酒禁"政策提供了儒典圣贤的历史依据。其三,把饮酒行为纳入儒家"礼"的伦理道德范畴,通过酒礼政教活动强化儒家等级有差"礼治"政治秩序。

As China＇s first legal document with regard to drinking, Shang Shu Jiu Gao has exerted profound influences on the Confucian ethics of drinking. These influences are mainly embodied in the following aspects. Firstly, this book has shaped such basic concepts on drinking ethics as ＂excessive drinking overturns a regime＂ and ＂drinking is the source of miseries＂ by viewing drinking from the angle of politics, and linking drinking with the governing of the state. Secondly, the oracles of Confucian have provided a historical paradigm for the dynasties to carry out the policies of banning drinking by strictly regulating and controlling drinking behaviors. Thirdly, drinking having been incorporated into the Confucian codes of conduct, the political order-the operation of government through social institutions has been consolidated through the codes of drinking and penalty and civilized intercourse.