建交三十年以来中美贸易的回顾及展望

Review and Outlook on Sino-American Trade Since Establishing Diplomatic Relations

中美两国正式建立外交关系以来,两国在经济上已成为战略合作伙伴。美国已是我国第二大贸易伙伴,第一大出口市场,我国是美国第二大贸易伙伴国,第二大进口来源地和第三大出口市场。随着中美贸易额的扩大,中美贸易失衡问题也浮出水面,美国对华采取的反倾销、反补贴及特别保障措施等所带来的贸易摩擦问题越来越多。解决中美经贸摩擦问题、特别是在金融危机导致我国出口增长趋缓、出口产品成本升高导致中国输美产品竞争优势下降的前提下解决好双方的贸易问题,我国必须要充分运用世界贸易组织争端解决机制;完善市场经济体制,推进外贸增长方式的转变,提高自我创新能力及竞争力,实施出口市场多元化策略。

China and the USA have developed strategic partners since establishing diplomatic relations. The USA is the second biggest trade partner and the first largest expert market, and China is the second biggest trade partner and the second origin country of imports and the third expert market. With the increase of trade volume, however, Sino-American trade imbalance appeared gradually and the trade conflicts occurred more frequently due to anti-dumping, countervailing, and special safeguards, etc. taken by the USA. To solve Sino-American trade conflicts, especially on the condition of financial crisis leading to slowdown of export growth and cost increase of export products causing decrease of competitive advantage exporting to the USA, our country have to fully employ WTO dispute settlement mechanism, improve market economy system, promote the change of foreign trade growth mode, increase self-innovative and competitive competence, and take pluralism strategies of export market.