穗分枝小麦与普通小麦杂交组合主要性状的杂种优势与配合力分析

Heterosis and Combining Ability of Major Agronomic Traits in Crosses between Ear-branched Wheat and Common Wheat

为了研究穗分枝小麦作为杂交小麦育种亲本的应用价值,选用2个穗分枝小麦与5个普通小麦采用NCⅡ设计配制了10个杂交组合,对其9个农艺性状的杂种优势和配合力进行了研究。结果表明,穗下第一节长、穗长、株高3个性状表现出较强的中亲优势和对照优势,且所有组合都表现为正向优势;穗粒重和千粒重2个性状不同组合间对照优势变异幅度较大,其中多数组合表现正向优势(两个性状分别为90%和70%)。同时,筛选出一个单株产量对照优势为16.7%的强优势组合(3218×分2)。配合力分析表明,穗长、穗粒数、穗粒重、千粒重主要受基因的加性效应影响。有些亲本个别性状一般配合力较好,可根据育种目标有选择性地使用。

In order to characterize the application value of ear-branched wheat as parents of hybrid wheat, ten crosses from 2 male parents （ear-branched wheat） and 5 female parents （common wheat） by NC Ⅱ crossing design were used, the heterosis and combining ability of nine agronomic traits were investigated. The results indicated that the heterosis over mid-parent and over the check in uppermost internode, spike length, plant height were high, and all of the crosses had positive heterosis. The variation range of heterosis over the check in grain weight per spike and 1000-grain weight were significantly different among crosses, and most of the crosses （90% and 70%） had positive heterosis. One cross （3218XFen 2） which had significant heterosis on yield per plant over the check was identified, and the value was 16.7%. According to combining ability analysis, spike length, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike and 1000-grain weight were mainly affected by gene additional effect. Some parents had specific traits with high value of GCA can be used as parents in hybrid wheat breeding.