不同细胞质小麦雄性不育系杂种F1光合生理参数的分析

Study on Photosynthesis and Physiological Parameters in Hybrids with Different Cytoplasmic Male-sterile Wheat Lines

为了探讨细胞质对杂种小麦光合生理特性的影响,以8个同核异质雄性不育系(K、V、T、CHA型不育系)及其恢复系758461-4的杂种F1为材料,在4个生育时期(抽穗期、开花期、灌浆中期、灌浆后期)测定了其旗叶净光合速率(Pn)及相关生理参数(气孔导度Gs、蒸腾速率Tr、细胞间隙CO2浓度Ci、大气CO2浓度(Ca),并对水分利用率WUE和气孔限制值Ls进行了分析。结果表明,(1)杂种F1的净光合速率及相关生理参数优势普遍存在,其中T型杂种的优势最强,超中亲(MP)20.029%,K、V型杂种分别超MP 10.630%、7.099%;(2)杂种F1及其亲本净光合速率及生理参数4个生育时期的变化趋势相同,从开花期到灌浆期,Pn与Ci、Gs的变化趋势相同,与Ls的相反;(3)K型杂种的Pn较CHA型低0.077μmol CO2.m-2.s-1,V、T型杂种的Pn较CHA型分别高0.419、0.725μmol CO2.m-2.s-1,但其差异不显著;(4)以太911289为母本配制的杂种的Pn比以冀5418为母本配制的杂种高1.052μmol CO2.m-2.s-1,但差异未达显著水平。由此可见,K、V、T型细胞质对杂种F1的净光合速率及生理参数无不良影响;杂种F1的净光合速率在一定程度上受气孔因素的限制;在配制杂种时,通过选择优良的基因型可以改善杂种F1的净光合速率。

Cytoplasmic male--sterile lines are highly valued in the utilization of heterosis in wheat, especially K（Ae. kotchyi）, V（Ae. ventricosa）, T（Ae. timopheevi） types of cytoplasms. In the present study, 8 nuclear background male sterile lines, including K, V, T, CHA-cytoplasm male-sterile lines, restorer line 758461-4 and their hybrids, were employed to study the effect of different types of cytoplasmis on the photosynthesis and physiological parameters （stomatal conductance（Gs）, transpiration rate（Tr）, CO2 concertration（Ci）, atmospheric CO2 concentration （Ca）, water use efficiency （WUE）, intercellar stomatal limiting value （Ls）） of hybrids at heading, anthesis, mid-filling and late-filling stages. The results showed that. （1） The heterosis on photosynthesis and physiological parameters of hybrid F1 was common. T-cytoplasm hybrid had the highest heterosis with 20. 029%, K,V-cytoplasm with 10. 630%,7. 099% over the mid-parent, respectively; （2） The dynamic changes of hybrid F1 is the same as their parents at four stages. The dynamic changes of Pn were the same as Ci and Gs, and were different from Ls; （3） Compared with CHA-cytoplasm, the Pn value of K-cytoplasm hybrid was lower by 0. 077 gmolCO2·m^-2·s^-1 , while these of V, T-cytoplasm hybrid were higher by 0. 419 and 0. 725 umolCO2m^-2·s^-1 , respectively, but the difference was not significant. （4） The Pn value of hybrid F1 with tai911289 as female parent was higher than that with ji5418 by 1. 052 umolCO2m^-2·s^-1 , but the difference was not significant. In conclusion, K, V, T-type cytoplasm had no negative effect on hybrid F1 ; The dynamic changes of Pn were restricted by the stomatal factors to some extent; The net photosynthetic rate and physiological parameters of hybrid F1 could be improved with excellent genotype.