施氮量和比例对冬小麦产量和蛋白质组分的影响

Grain Yield and Protein Components Responding to the Amount and Rate of Nitrogen Application in Winter Wheat

为了给小麦优质高产栽培提供依据，以强筋小麦品种济麦20为试验材料，采用二因素随机区组试验设计，研究了氮肥运筹对小麦植株性状、产量和蛋白质组分的影响。结果表明，株高、穗长、穗粒数均与产量呈正相关，其中穗长与产量相关显著（r=0．607＊），在不同施氮量和底追比例处理间，株高、穗长、千粒重、容重和产量均有显著差异。在施氯量150～300kg／ha范围内，穗长、穗粒数和产量有随施氮量增加而提高的趋势，其中产量在处理间差异显著，以施氮300kg／ha的处理产量最高。氮肥底施和追施的比例对籽粒产量有显著影响，在本试验中以底追比例5：5的处理产量最高。不同蛋白质组分对施氮的反应有差异，醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白和总蛋白含量均随施氮量的增加而逐渐提高。醇溶蛋白和总蛋白含量随追氮比例的增加而逐步提高。籽粒产量和蛋白质含量对底追比例的反应有一定差异。

The effects of nitrogen application amount and rate on plant character, grain yield and protein components in winter wheat were studied in cultivar Jimai 20 cultivating with randomized block design with two factors. The experiment was carried out in the experimental farm of the Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The results showed that the plant height, spike length, the kernel per spike were positively correlative to grain yield and the correlation between the spike length and grain yield was significant （r=0. 607＊ ）. There were significant differences among the plant height, spike length, thousand-grain weight, test weight and grain yield between different treatments. The spike length, kernels per spike and grain yield increased with the nitrogen increasing from 150 to 300 kg/ha, and the grain yield was significantly different in different treatments. The highest yield was got with the nitrogen application of 300 kg/ha. The effect of treatment was significant on grain yield, and there was the highest yield when the treatment of the ratio of base to topdressing nitrogen was 5 ： 5. The different protein components responded differently to the treatment of nitrogen application. The gliadin, glutelin and total protein content increased with increasing of the nitrogen amount. The gliadin and total protein content increased with increasing of the ratio of base to topdressing nitrogen. The grain yield and protein content responded differently to the ratio of base to topdressing nitrogen.