青藏铁路旅客列车富氧技术条件研究

Study on the Oxygen-Enriched Technology Condition of Passenger Trains on Qinghai-Tibet Railway

选择到拉萨的2列试验车和2列运营车,进行车内空气环境和人体影响试验研究。结果表明：格拉段车内氧气分压为12.78-13.70 kPa,同一列车各席别间氧气含量没有显著性差异,海拔高差使车内氧气平均下降0.133 kPa/100 m,车内满员使车内氧气分压比车外平均下降0.400 kPa;二氧化碳蓄积主要取决于旅客列车的满员程度;季节变化会引起人体生理适应性差异;随着海拔的升高车内人员高原反应症状发生率增加,当车内氧气含量达到相当于海拔3000~3500 m的空气中的氧气含量时,可使旅客高原反应得到有效控制。根据试验研究结果确定高原富氧技术条件：提出高原旅客车最小供氧量计算公式;确定在海拔高度4000-5000 m时高原旅客列车富氧控制标准、二氧化碳浓度建议标准;提出车内温度不得低于冬季18℃、夏季24℃;加强个体供氧管的使用、重点区段的供氧和巡诊。以此富氧技术条件可以满足现行用氧安全标准、车内空气洁净度和旅客高原反应控制的技术要求。

Two passenger trains on trial and two passenger trains in operation to Lhasa were selected for the experiment on the vehicle interior air environment and the affects to human body. The result showed that the oxygen partial pressure on the passenger trains was 12. 78~13.70 kPa on the Golmud-Lhasa sec- tion. While on the same train, the oxygen content between different compartments had no significant differences. The changes of altitude led to a drop of oxygen partial pressure on an average of 0. 133 kPa/ 100 m While on full-seated trains, the oxygen content inside was lower than the outside, which was an average of 0.400 kPa in disparity. The CO2 cumulation mainly depended on the number of passengers on the trains. Season changes could bring differences of physiological adaptability. Along with the ascent of altitude, incidence of high altitude reaction symptom increased in the passengers. And this could be efficiently controlled when the oxygen content on the train reached to a level corresponding to an altitude of 3 000-3 500 m in the air. According to the experiment results, we could draw a conclusion of the oxygen- enriched technology condition as follows. The calculation formula of minimum supply of oxygen was suggested. The plateau trains controlling standard of the oxygen-enriched at the altitude of 4 000-5 000 m was defined and the standard of CO2 concentration was suggested. It was proposed that the inside temperature should not lower than 18 ℃ in winter and 24 ℃ in summer. Moreover, the use of individual breathing apparatus, the oxygen supply, and the patrol examinations for passengers on the important sections were strengthened. Hence, the oxygen-enriched technology condition could satisfy the security standard and the air cleanliness in the train and meets the requirements of high altitude reaction controlling technique.