我国地膜应用污染现状及其防治途径研究

Study on the Pollution by Plastic Mulch Film and Its Countermeasures in China

地膜是农业生产的重要物质资料之一,我国每年地膜应用量近百万吨,地膜覆盖面积1000多万hm2,覆盖作物达40多种。地膜技术的应用极大地促进了我国农业的发展,但随着地膜应用量和使用年限的不断增加,大量残留地膜造成的"白色污染"不但严重影响了农业生产的进行,而且对农业环境的安全与健康也构成了巨大的威胁。农田残留地膜已经成为影响农业环境、破坏土壤结构、危害作物正常生长发育并造成农作物减产的重要因素之一。通过对统计数据的整理分析,以及在国内外研究文献总结和归纳的基础上,对我国农用地膜应用、污染现状进行了全面的分析和论述。在此基础上,针对我国的地膜污染的现状,从地膜的标准化生产、节约使用、高效回收以及未来需要研发的新材料、新技术等方面提出相应的防治技术途径。

Plastic film covers are important in the Chinese agricultural production. In recent years, one million ton per year of plastic film has been applied in the agricultural fields of China. The coverage area has reached over ten millions hectares. Application of plastic film raises agricultural production. With the increase of plastic film application amounts, the pollution by residue of mulching plastic film in the field has become a serious problem. It has affected the neighboring environment, destroyed soil structure, and harmed crops＇ normal growth. This study analyzed application of and pollution by the mulching plastic film based on a former domestic study results and analysis of statistical data, discusses the field distribution characteristics, the influencing factors and the harmful effects of mulching plastic film residue, and the techniques for preventing and controlling mulching plastic film pollution as well as the development trend in the future are proposed based on forecasted agricultural production situation.