不同灌水方式下番茄节水高产机理研究

Water-saving and high-yield mechanism of tomato under different irrigation methods

本文研究了无压灌、滴灌与沟灌3种灌水方式对番茄光合生理指标、根系吸导水能力、产量与水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,"少量多次"的无压灌下植物根系导水率高于滴灌与沟灌灌水方式,无压灌能够通过调节作物根区土壤水分状况,提高作物根系吸水能力,使作物根区土壤水分保持在最适宜作物生长的范围内。无压灌和滴灌的番茄叶绿素总量比沟灌分别提高了16.2%和12.8%;相对沟灌,无压灌和滴灌减小了气孔导度和蒸腾失水,而未降低光合速率,单叶水分利用效率分别提高51.3%和17.2%。投入、产出和效率综合评判表明,无压灌的经济效益最好,滴灌次之,沟灌最差。

The objective of this article was to study the effect of different irrigation methods （non-pressure subsurface irrigation, drip irrigation and furrow irrigation） on photosynthetic physiology, yield, water use efficiency and root hydraulic conductance of tomato. The results show higher root hydraulic conductance of tomato under non-pressure subsurface irrigation （characterized as less water for many irrigation times） than under drip and furrow irrigations. Non-pressure subsurface irrigation adjusts root-zone soil moisture to a suitable range for crop growth which improves crop water absorption capacity. Compared to furrow irrigation, non-pressure subsurface and drip irrigations respectively increase tomato chlorophyll content by 16.2% and 12.8%, reduces stomatal conductance and transpiration dehydration, maintain relatively stable photosynthetic rate and increase WUE by 51.3% and 17.2%. A comprehensive evluation of investment and output indicates that non-pressure subsurface irrigation has the highest benefits, followed by drip irrigation while furrow irrigation is the lowest.